Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the "Liveliest"City in Japan (Excerpts)
全文翻译
广岛——日本“最具活力”的城市
雅各·丹瓦
1.“广岛站到了，大家请下车!”当这趟世界上最快的高速列车缓缓驶进广岛站停靠时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男子喊出的一定是这样一句话。我其实没听懂他究竟在说些什么。一则因为他喊的是日语；二则，我当时如鲠在喉，心头有万般愁绪，根本无暇去顾及这名日本铁道部官员究竟说的什么。踏上这片土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对于我来说，这本身就是次很激动人心的冒险经历，比我以往的任何一次旅行，任何一次报道采访活动都要来得激动人心。我这不是到了犯罪现场吗?
2.这儿的日本人看上去却并不似我这般黯然神伤。从车站外面的人行横道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本的其他城市没什么两样。身着和服的小姑娘和老太太们与一身西装打扮的少年和女郎摩肩接踵，擦身而过；那些神情严肃的男人们旁若无人地相互交谈着。他们不停地弯腰点头，相互寒暄客套：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马斯(太谢谢您了)。”还有些人正在使用挂在食品杂货店或烟草店门前的小巧的红色电话通话。
3.“嗨!嗨!”出租车司机一看见旅客就这样打招呼，并“砰”的一声突然把车门打开。“嗨或者其他一些发音近似“嗨”的词，意思是“是的，好的”。“能送我去市政厅吗?”,他从车后镜里冲我一笑，连声说“嗨!嗨!”出租车全速穿梭在广岛狭窄的街道上，这座历经磨难的城市中的高楼大厦在眼前一闪而过，我们的身子也随着司机方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后熔仰，东摇西晃。
4.正当我开始觉得路程太长时，出租车一个急刹车嘎吱停下来，司机下车去向一个警察问路。就像在东京一样，广岛的出租车司机对他们的城市也知之甚少，但是为了不在外国人面前丢脸，他们不会承认自己的无知，不管乘客们要到哪里去，都会毫不犹豫地应承下来，而不去考虑等他找要花多长时间才能找得到。
5.终于这个小插曲总算结束，我发现自己就站在宏伟气派的市政大厅前。广岛市长应我的采访要求给我发了份请帖，当我把这请帖递给招待员看时，他向我深鞠一躬，然后声调悠长地叹了一口气。
6.“不是在这里，先生，”他用英语说道。“市长打算今晚在水上餐厅设宴招待您和其他外宾。您看，就是这儿。”他说着便在请帖的背面为我画了一张简略的示意图。
7.多亏了他的简略图，我才找到一辆出租车把我直接送至运河堤岸，那儿泊了一艘顶篷像日式房屋的屋顶的大游艇。由于地价过高，日本人索性将传统的日式房屋建到了船上。浮动在水面上的旧式日本小屋，夹杂在钢筋混泥土砌的灰褐色摩天高楼群中，形成了一道靓丽独特的风景线，象征着和服与迷你裙的之间永恒的斗争一样。
8.在餐厅的门口，站着一位身着传统和服的迎宾女郎，妆容精致、肤如凝脂、曼妙迷人，她告诉我脱鞋进屋。脱下鞋子之后，我走进这水上小屋，进到其中一间房间里，这里所有的房间的屋顶都压得很低。我蹑手蹑脚地踩在软软的榻榻米席上，一想到自己要这样穿着袜子去会见市长，心中不免一阵羞愧、尴尬不已。
9.终于见到了广岛市长。他个子很高，身材瘦削，眼神忧郁，深情严肃。出乎意料，刚到车站时的那种说不清道不明的忧思愁绪此刻重新袭上我心头。一想到我现在正置身于第一颗原子弹爆炸的地方，我的心又沉重起来。就是在这里，成千上万的人顷刻间死于非命；另有成千上万的人在痛苦的煎熬中慢慢死去。
10.到场的嘉宾互相作了自我介绍。大多数的宾客都是日本人。我也不好开口我们为什么到这里聚会。在场的少数几个美国人和德国人看来也同我一样有些局促不安。
11.“先生们”,市长说道，“很高兴欢迎你们来到广岛。”。
12.大家都开始鞠躬致意，连在场的西方人也不例外。只要在日本呆上三天，人的脊柱保准会变得异常灵活。
13.“先生们，你们光临广岛是我们极大的荣幸。”
14.大家又一次鞠躬，随着“广岛”这个名字的一次次重复，大家的面容就会变得更严肃起来。
15.“广岛，正如大家所知，是座每个人都很熟悉的城市。”市长继续说道。
16.“是啊，是啊，当然。”台下有人在小声嘀咕，情绪越来越不安起来。
17.“很少有城市像广岛这样在世界享负盛名。我非常自豪而高兴地欢迎诸位来到广岛。这座城市之所以闻名于世界乃是因为它的——牡蛎。”
18.我正想点头表示赞同，突然明白过来这句话的最末几个词的意思，一下子没了刚才的忧愁伤感。
19.“广岛——牡蛎?怎么没说原子弹呢，也没有说这里遭受的灾难和人类犯下的滔天罪行呢?”
20.市长还在继续演讲，赞美他们日本南部的海鲜风味，我悄悄地往后退了退，朝着房间的后边走去，那里有几个人在自顾自聊天，没太专注于市长的讲话。
21.“你看起来很困惑。”一个身材矮小、戴着很大眼镜的的日本人说。
22.“是的，我得承认我没有想到会在这听到一番一个关于牡蛎的演讲。我原以为广岛仍未摆脱原子弹灾难的阴影。”
23.“再也没有人谈论它了，每个人都不愿再提了，尤其是那些在这里出生，或是亲身经历了那场灾难的人们。”
24.“你也是这么想的吗?”
25.“我当时就在这座城市，只不过没在市中心。我之所以跟你讲这些，是因为我差不多是个老人了。在这座以牡蛎闻名的城市，有两种截然相反的意见，一种主张保留原子弹轰炸后的遗迹，另一种则主张清除一切痕迹，甚至连位于轰炸中心的纪念碑也不例外。他们甚至想拆了原子弹博物馆。”
26.“他们为什么想这么做呢?”
27.“因为那些东西使人伤心，因为时代在前进。这就是为什么。这个小个子日本人笑了，厚厚镜片后的眼睛快眯成了一条缝。“如果你写文章描述这座城市，千万别忘记告诉人们，尽管这里很多市民身上还带着暗伤和灼伤，广岛依然是日本最快乐的城市。”
28.像其他任何一家医院一样，这家医院里也是到处弥漫着甲醛和乙醚的味道。无数的担架和轮椅在不见尽头的走廊墙边上排成一线，护士们端着镀镍的医疗器械穿行其中人住何身体健康的探病者要是看到这些器械的话，保准会吓得毛骨悚然、脊背发凉。所谓的原子看护房在三楼，里面共有十七个床位。
29.“我是以打鱼为生的，我呆在这里已经有好长时间了，二十多年了吧。”一个穿着日式睡衣的老人说。
30.“你受的什么伤呢?”
31.“内伤。灾难发生时我就在广岛，/我看到了爆炸时窜起的大火球，但当时我的脸上和身体上都没有被烧伤。我当时满城跑，寻找我那些失踪的朋友和亲人。我原以为自己是幸免于难了，但是后来，我的头发开始不停地掉，肚子开始积水，并感到恶心呕吐。从那以后，他们就一直在对我进行体检和治疗。
32.站在我身边的医生解释并补充道，“我们这里还有一些这样的病人，他们只有通过不间断的医护治疗才能活下去。另有一些病人因伤重不治而亡，抑或自杀身亡。”
33.“他们为什么要自杀呢?”
34.“因为继续苟活残存这座城市只会给他们带来无尽的羞辱。只要你身上留有很明显的原子烧伤痕迹，你的孩子便会遭到那些没有伤痕的人的歧视。没有哪个男人愿意娶一个原子弹灾难受害者的女儿或者外甥女为妻，因为他们担心核辐射带来的遗传基因病变问题。”
35.那位老渔民饶有兴趣地定睛看着我，他看我的样子很有礼貌，并没有让我感到不自在。
36.病床上方挂着一个由许多五颜六色的彩纸片结成的大纸球，纸片均被叠成了千纸鹤的形状。
37.“那是什么?”我问道。
38.“那些是我的幸运鸟。每当我从死神手里逃出来的那一天，每当病痛把我从世俗的烦恼中解脱出来的那一天，我就会叠一只新的小纸鹤，把它和别的纸鹤放到一起。我就这样一边看着它们，一边暗自庆幸这些病痛带给我的好运。正是因为这些病痛，我才有机会磨炼自己的品格心性。”
39.从医院出来，我再一次将一个小笔记本撕得粉碎，那上面记载着一些我预先想好准备提问原子爆炸受害者的问题。其中有一个问题是：你真的认为广岛是日本最具活力的城市吗?我一直没问这个问题，但从每个人的眼神中我已经读到了问题的答案。
(选自埃德·凯编播的美国广播节目)
练习答案
Ⅱ.
A.
1.I guess the writer is an American journalist or reporter.You can find many details of the use of American English and the American way of spelling words like“sidewalk”,“cab driver","center”,etc.And sentences like "I did not understand what he was saying.First of all because he was shouting in Japanese."and"The very act of stepping on this soil.,was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken.”all indicate that the writer may be an American reporter.
2.I think the aim of the visit was to gather information on what influences did the atomic bomb exert to today's Hiroshima.
3.He thought about the bomb,the misery and the humanity's most heinous crime.He has a guilty conscience.
4.The Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thought as the writer was.
5.Although Hiroshima was badly destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6,1945,things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities.Hiroshima did not make herself different or painful due to the devastating disaster And sympathy is needless for Hiroshima.
6.Because the mayor delivered a speech about oysters,that is what the writer did pot expect.He had thought the mayor would talk about the bomb and the misery and humanity's most heinous crime since Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm.
7.After the reception,the writer went to visit the atomic ward of a hospital in Hiroshima to interview patients there.
8.As is stated in Paragraph 34,it is humiliating to survive in this city.If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns,your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not.No one will marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim.People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation.Therefore,some victims commit suicide.
B.
1.The writer did not narrate the events in the order of their occurrence;he takes the changes of his thoughts and feelings as the order of the whole text instead.
2.Words and expressions in the text that reveal the writer's attitude toward the atomic bombing are as follows:
1)I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind.(Para.1)
2)The strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned.(Para.9)
3)I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment.(Para.9)
4)inhibited (Para.10)
5)agitated (Para.16)
3.The Japanese cultural traits the writer noticed in his brief observations of the city are:
1)Little girls and elderly ladies wear kimonos.(Para.2)
2)Serious-looking men bobbed up and down repeatedly in little bows,as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect:"Tomo aligato gozayimas".(Para.2)
3)As in Tokyo,taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city,but to avoid loss of face before foreigners,will not admit their ignorance,and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it.(Para.4)
4)The Japanese build their traditional houses on boats when land becomes too expensive.(Para.7)
5)At the door of the restaurant,a stunning,porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.(Para.8)
6)I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting and experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.(Para.8)
4.The writer was deeply impressed that Hiroshima is a city mixed with Japanese culture and Western culture.Symbols used to describe the impression:
1)Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in Western dress.(Para.2)
2)The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.(Para.7)
"Kimono"and"miniskirt"here are used as symbols representing the"old"and the "new"or the East and the West.
5.Anti-climax is used here to suspend the attention of the readers.It is a common literary device to achieve humor,surprise,satire,etc.The mayor did not talk about the disaster but said that Hiroshima is a town known throughout the world for its oysters,because he did not want to embarrass the foreigners.However,he wanted people to forget the tragic past and enjoy the city as before.
6.The end of the story is well written.Although it did not answer whether Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan,everyone would have their own answer towards this question after reading the feature story,thus leaving much room for the readers to ponder over what is going on in Hiroshima and make their own conclusions.
7.The word"liveliest"in the title is put in quotation marks because the writer wants to show that this is what the city is said to be.But the writer perhaps feel it ironic to use the word"liveliest"to described city that had suffered an atomic bomb.So quotation marks is used here.
Ⅲ.
1.Men with serious expressions were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed to pay no attention to the crowds around them.
2.At last the taxi trip came to an end and I suddenly discovered that I was just in front of the gigantic City Hall.
3.The scene of the little traditional houses floating among high modern buildings attracts much attention.It also represents the constant struggle between old traditional culture and new developments.
4.I felt shameful when I thought of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks.
5.The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as I was.
6.After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people.
7.I was on the point of bowing a little to show my agreement when I suddenly realized the meaning of his last words.I was shocked and awakened from my sad dreamy thought.
8.….and nurses walked by carrying surgical instruments which were nickel-plated and even healthy visitors could not help shivering when they see those instruments.
9.I have the chance to raise my moral standard because of the illness.
IV.
A.
1.lump:the feeling you get in your throat when you are going to cry
2.rub shoulders with:(informal)meet and mix with (people)
3.martyred:(the city)that has been made to suffer
4.screech:to make a harsh,piercing sound
5.arresting:striking,attracting and holding the attention skyscrapers:very tall buildings
6.stunning:very attractive and beautiful
7.sink in:(to be)fully absorbed or understood
8.schools:groups of people sharing the same thought
9.by trade:by occupation;by way of making a living
B.
1.was指实际情况；而must be表示推测的情况，意为“很可能”。
2.“Was I at the scene…”是疑问句，是对自己所处地点的疑问，而“Was I not at the scene..?”是反问句，实际上表示肯定的我意思。
3.old用来形容老人，elderly意为“上了年纪的”但是不算太老。
4.grin指咧开嘴笑，露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；smile指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜多爱等等。
5.sketch指画草图，勾画出大体轮廓(相当于primarily draw)。如：a sketch for a painting画稿。
6.careful强调细心，以免出错；cautious强调谨慎，指处处谨小慎微。例：be cautious about expressing opinions对发表意见持谨慎态度
7.site大多指场所、地方，可大可它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(a building site),也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(site of the first atomic bombardment)。spot指某个具体的地方，所指范围通常比较小。
8.demolish指彻底拆除、毁灭，而destroy仅指破坏。例：demolish the commission and absorb its functions into the department.撤销委员会并把它的职能并入部里。
9.gay意为轻松愉快的，热情洋溢的，可以指人，也可以修饰事物。如：a gay town热情洋溢的小镇。delightful令人愉快的，一般指能直接使人心情变化的事物。如：a delightful surprise出人意料的乐事。
10.gaze指目不转睛地凝视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。如：She turned her head away,feeling too ashamed to meet his gaze.因为害羞而不敢和他的目光相遇，她把头扭开了。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往是不礼貌或带有威慑力的。如：Her icy stare gave me a chill她那冰冷的眼神使我感到一阵寒噤。
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C.
1.Puzzle implies such a baffling quality or such intricacy,as of a problem,situation etc.,that one has great difficulty in understanding or solving it.puzzle含有“令人困惑”“错综复杂”“某人很难理解或解决”的意思。
Confuse implies a mixing up mentally to a greater or lesser degree.confuse或多或少与心理活动相关。
Perplex adds to puzzle the implications of worry and uncertainty,especially about reaching a decision on a course of action or the right solution of a personal problem.perplex隐含着担忧和不确定性，尤其是对某项活动或个人问题的正确解决方案作出决定时的困惑。
Confound implies such confusion as completely frustrates or greatly astonishes one.confound隐含有完全挫败或者非常惊讶的意思。
Bewilder implies such utter confusion that the mind is staggered beyond the ability to think clearly.bewilder表示已经陷入彻底的混乱/糊涂，已经失去了清晰思考的能力。
Dumbfound specifically implies as its effect a nonplused or confounded state in which one is momentarily struck speechless.dumbfound“使惊愕，使目瞪口呆”,特指暂时说不出话来的那种迷惑/困惑不已的状态。
2.Heinous implies such extreme wickedness as to arouse the strongest hatred and revulsion.heinous“十恶不赦的，令人发指的”暗示能引起最强烈的仇恨和厌恶的极端的邪恶。
Outrageous applies to that which so exceeds all bounds of right,morality,decency etc.,as to be intolerable.outrageous"粗暴的，可令恶的”用于指超越法律、道德、礼仪界限的不可容忍的行为。Horrible means causing a feeling of horror.horrible“可怕的，恐怖的”表示引起一种恐怖的感觉。一Evil is not often applied to persons and frequently has a more or less sinister or baleful connotation.evil通常不用来表示人，隐含有“或多或少地有点凶险的或有害的”这一意思。Wicked implies the actual violation of moral code.wicked“恶劣的，不道德的”表示实际上违反了道德准则的行为。
V.
A.
1.There is not a soul in the hall.The meeting must have been put off.
2.That modern construction looks very much like a flying saucer.
3.Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect.It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.
4.The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.
5.He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.
6.What he did had nothing to do with her.
7.She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.
8.I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.
9.He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchanges opinions with them on various subjects.
10.It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.
11.The soil smells of fresh grass.
12.Could you spare me a few minutes?
13.Could you spare me a ticket?
14.That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.
B.
1.二则，我当时如鲠在喉，心头有万般愁绪，根本无暇去顾及这名日本铁道部官员究竟说的什么。
2.踏上这片土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对于我来说，这本身就是次很激动人心的冒险经历，比我以往的任何一次旅行，任何一次报道采访活动都要来得激动人心。我这不是到了犯罪现场吗?
3.这座历经磨难的城市中的高楼大厦在眼前一闪而过，我们的身子也随着司机方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东摇西晃。
4.出乎意料，刚到车站时的那种说不清道不明的忧思愁绪此刻重新袭上我心头。一想到我现在正置身于第一颗原子弹爆炸的地方，我的心又沉重起来。就是在这里，成千上万的人顷刻间死于非命；另有成千上万的人在痛苦的煎熬中慢慢死去。
5.“很少有城市像广岛这样在世界享负盛名。我非常自豪而高兴地欢迎诸位来到广岛。这座城市之所以闻名于世界乃是因为它的——牡蛎。”
6.“在这座以牡蛎闻名的城市，有两种截然相反的意见，一种主张保留原子弹轰炸后的遗迹，另一种则主张清除一切痕含迹，甚至连位于轰炸中心的纪念碑也不例外。”7.“如果你写文章描述这座城市，千万别忘记告诉人们，尽管这里很多市民身上还带着暗伤和灼伤，广岛依然是日本最快乐的城市。”
8.“但是后来，我的头发开始不停地掉，肚子开始积水。”
C.
See the translation of the text.
VI.
1.The feature begins with how Mike Fay got hurt.The beginning sets much suspense-who is Mike Fay,why is he on a California hillside-and people are attracted to read on.The passage is not written in the order of occurrence,but the method of flashback is adopted.
2.I think this feature is about environmental protection.To be more specific,it is about forest protection,about striking a balance between timber cutting and forest protection.
3.The main idea of the feature is about how to find out a way to maximize both timber production and the many ecological and social benefit standing forests provide(the key statement).
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